Over-the-air Car Updates (ota) – In the past, our cars only changed when we made them happen, with the modifications we wanted or the modifications we wanted. You will never wake up in the morning to find a new button on the center console or a sudden increase in fuel economy.
But with the rise of software-defined driving, all that is changing. Because many of today’s car functions are controlled by flexible software downloaded from the Internet, rather than fixed hardware, the characteristics of this car can grow and change.
Over-the-air Car Updates (ota)
One of the keys to how today’s and tomorrow’s cars will update their software is the use of over-the-air (OTA) updates, digital downloads that install themselves while you sleep. While OTA updates hold a lot of promise, there are also risks here. Let’s get down to the details.
Global Automotive Over The Air Updates Market
Software is the instructions written by developers, the source code tells machines what to do. In the automotive world, this can be anything from the delay between turns to a list of roads that are allowed to drive autonomously. Even things like timeouts and advanced security systems are controlled by code.
As cars evolve and manufacturers add new features or improve existing features, new software needs to be installed. This is what we mean when we talk about OTA updates, when software updates are released and delivered to the vehicle.
Increasingly, everything is going wireless, so that’s where the “over-the-air” part of the update comes in. “In some cases, these solutions are delivered through mobile phones. In others, Wi-Fi can be used as an alternative delivery method,” said Laura Perek, a global communications analyst at Cisco. “[Management consulting firm] Gartner reports that by 2024, at least two of the top 10 automakers will provide monthly OTA code for their specified fleets.”
Every month! That’s a lot to update, and of course a big part of the equation is making sure the new software only comes from the right place. This is where cybersecurity comes in, because yes, there is some risk. “Even though online updates make malware faster and more cost-effective, they actually open up an attack vector, as there is a risk of an adversary pushing malicious firmware into the vehicle,” Ayyappan said. Said Rajesh. He is a Dartmouth Mass student and cybersecurity prodigy who recently demonstrated how to hack a 2018 Honda Civic at the DEFCON hacker conference in Las Vegas.
How To Design Secure Ota Firmware And Software Updates For Modern Vehicles
When it comes to avoiding these malicious settings, the first step is to make sure your car can tell where its code is coming from. “With OTA, you want to make sure that the image is signed from a reliable source of the actual vehicle,” said Charles Egan, chief technology officer at BlackBerry, a leading software technology company. specified transport location.
Signing is a process of assigning a digital identity to a piece of code using one public and one private key pair. These keys are combined to create a unique signature. Cars can modify that signature to ensure that monthly OTA updates come from a reliable source.
Just as you don’t want something from the engine bay accidentally getting into the cabin, you want to check where and how your vehicle’s code was generated.
Not all codes in a vehicle need to be available for the same on-board systems. Some important bits of software need to access basic functions such as steering and braking. For other, less important things, you may want to use car speakers.
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BlackBerry’s Eagan says that the different software has different features included: “It’s good if your infotainment system doesn’t work on the same compute complex as the control system, so the background movement is a little less.”
Separating the systems in this way is important to ensure that nothing in the car can do more than it needs to do. Eagan calls this “precautionary thinking,” adding, “You don’t want high-risk operations that can do more damage when you’re at risk. You want to run everything with the lowest risk and the lowest possible permissions.”
It is the same idea if you have installed an app on your smartphone and want to allow it to use the camera or microphone.
BlackBerry’s QNX, the key software running in cars from many manufacturers, takes a step forward with an integrated hypervisor, a true architecture that allows different aspects of the car’s software to run in completely separate environments instead of crossing streams of information.
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Cisco is one company that has made a name for itself over the decades by differentiating different systems from one another. That’s the same problem in the car industry. “We’re taking the same approach as the security industry in enabling the connected car,” Cisco’s Perek said. “This ensures that only authorized communication takes place between applications and services; infotainment services do not need to communicate with vehicle telematics services or EV battery management.”
Well, that’s the scary thing about cyber security. OTA car update comes with some risks but also many benefits. For safety’s sake, it’s best to look at them in two buckets, like how you separate them when you’re running in a car.
The first bucket will be a software update that handles the car’s central driving functions. This code-critical code would need to be tested and validated, but it could pave the way for significant improvements. Imagine an EV that increases range in cold weather, because after thousands of hours of real-world driving data processed by engineers at headquarters, they learn how to adjust the vehicle’s brakes to run smoothly.
Similarly, a sports car could get other drives depending on the customer’s needs, perhaps a race track setting or a drift model with increased slip. We’ve seen Tesla make more improvements to their model range, and it’s easy to see other manufacturers following suit.
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Consider the improvements in tire performance over the past decade. Cars can also be upgraded for better performance with new, high-grip rubber.
The other end of the line of customization will be the software running on the infotainment system. That is, things that are not important. These improvements do not affect the driving and handling functions of the vehicle, but they can have a significant effect on your daily use.
This means new heating and cooling methods that are smarter than before, again based on international studies; map updates for traffic changes; new media sources such as next-generation Spotify for in-car music streaming; even special chair massage therapy.
A common theme here is machine learning and adaptation based on how it works in the real world. While car manufacturers push OTA updates to their cars, modern cars also send a lot of data to manufacturers, as well as modified data to fill in any gaps they didn’t uncover during testing.
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“This car is no longer an isolated object, but now it is connected to a larger ecosystem,” Perek said. “Some examples include in-car voice assistant controls, improved navigation and maps, new safety features, improved EV battery management, or the car’s digital twin. This allowed manufacturers to start adapting to the financing and delivery model based on ongoing activities not. one- off sales.”
According to BlackBerry’s Eagan, we have not yet begun to see the full potential: “Before the App ecosystem existed, we could not imagine 200 apps on our phones that we cannot live without, and I think we are. working. Its limit is now in the car.
All of these have their drawbacks. One is the risk that cars have been, and remain, completely dependent on patches and regular updates to keep them running. Any modern gamer knows what this means, as sometimes the latest titles are broken and need to be downloaded before they can be played. The second is the risk of updating an old car with software updated and updated on a new platform, which puts a risk on top of the old firmware and reduces the performance of some functions (many see this with software updates on old mobile phones).
Other automakers are showing signs of this thinking on the road today, with Tesla’s self-driving beta package being a prominent example. It’s not secure right out of the gate, and while OTA updates have helped improve it, FSD is still an unfinished product.
What Are Tesla’s Over The Air Updates?
Similarly, the first release of the Volkswagen ID4 was plagued by slow software. The manufacturer released an update at the end of 2022 that brings performance improvements and several other new features. Unfortunately, this software installation required a trip to the dealer to do it. It has no OTA.
Egan doubts that this flawed software problem will become a widespread problem in cars.
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